Project title
The development of an integrated management plan for the handling, treatment and purification of effluents in the wine, spirits and grape juice industries

Project leader
Lorenzen, L

Institution
University of Stellenbosch. Department of Engineering

Team members
Koegelenberg, F
Barnardt, N
Bezuidenhout, S
Hayward, N

Project description
During 1999 Winetech initiated a project on the management and treatment of effluent resulting from the wine-, spirits- and fruit juice industries. The project is facilitated by the Centre for Process Engineering (CPE) at the University of Stellenbosch, in collaboration with Infruitec-Nietvoorbij and the Institute for Agricultural Engineering (IAE). The final objective of the project is to provide a series of guidelines for the SA wine industry to ensure sustainable development in accordance with current environmental principles. The project has been refined to a structured research programme to cover virtually all aspects of environmental impact of wine, spirits and grape juice production.

The treatment and disposal of winery, distillery and grape juice waste costs money. These expenses cannot be recouped, so it is one of the non-productive costs in winery construction and operation. It is therefore necessary to design and develop an effective effluent management system and structure the various treatment procedures in the most effective and economic manner.

The programme has been designed according to the following strategy and hierarchy, in line with strategies for other industries [Pulles, 1999].

Pollution prevention at source. The fundamental principle is to prevent or minimise the processes that result in the deterioration of water quality in a cellar, distillery or plant.
If the water quality management measures at sources do not prevent the discharge or disposal of water containing waste, re-use and minimisation strategies should be implemented. This may include partial treatment of water in order to render it suitable for re-use.

If the water quality management measures at source and the minimisation and re-use strategies do not prevent the discharge of wastewater, water treatment strategies should be implemented.

Note: Various measures mentioned in 1 to 3 above, will be construed as a water use in terms of section 21 of the National Water Act, 1998 and the appropriate water use license needs to be applied for.

If the measures mentioned above do not prevent the discharge of polluted waste water, an application for a license will have to be made, stating extensive motivation for the need of the license explaining financial, social as well as environmental implications for proposed points of discharge. It must be emphasised that this can only be a temporary measure and a firm commitment, together with a detailed time schedule for implementation of measures to achieve the water quality objectives for the discharge, will have to be made.

Presentation(s)
1. Lorenzen, L, Hayward, D J, Bezuidenhout, S, Barnardt, N, Prozesky, V and Snyders, H. 2000. Development of an integrated environmental management plan for the wine, spirit and grape juice industries. Wastecon 2000, Biennial Conference and Exhibition, 5-7 September, Somerset West, South Africa.
2. Ellis, R, Lorenzen, L and Hayward, D J. 2000. The use of ion exchange resin for pH modification in the effluent from the wine press. 2nd International Congress of the South African Society for Enology and Viticulture, 8-10 November, Cape Town, South Africa.
3. Koch, E W, Hayward, D J, Bezuidenhout, S, Barnardt, N and Lorenzen ,L. 2000 A case study for the evaluation of an effluent treatment technology in the wine industry. The R and R dissolved air flotation - ozone pilot plant. 2nd International Congress of the South African Society for Enology and Viticulture, 8-10 November, Cape Town, South Africa.
4. Lorenzen, L, Hayward, D J, Bezuidenhout, S, Barnardt, N, Prozesky, V and Snyders, H. 2000. Practical environmental management in the South African wine industry. 2nd International Congress of the South African Society for Enology and Viticulture , 8-10 November, Cape Town, South Africa.
5. Lorenzen, L, Hayward, D J, Bezuidenhout, S, Barnardt, N and Prozesky, V. 2000. The development of a management system for the treatment and purification of effluent water from the fruit industries (wineries, wine distillation and juice plants), WISA 28 May - 1 June, South Africa.
6. Lorenzen, L, Hayward, D J, Bezuidenhout, S and Barnardt, N. 2001. The evaluation of dissolved air flotation as a possible effluent treatment technology. The R and R dissolved air flotation / ozone plant. Mineral Processing, 2-3 August, Cape Town, South Africa.
7. Koch, E W, Hayward, D J, Bezuidenhout, S, Lorenzen, L and Barnardt, N. 2001. A case study for the evaluation of an effluent treatment technology in the wine industry. The R and R dissolved Air Flotation - Ozone Pilot Plant. 6th World Congress of Chemical Engineering, 23-27 September, Melbourne, Australia.
8. Lorenzen, L, Hayward, D J, Bezuidenhout, S, Barnardt, N, Trerise, M, Prozesky, V and Snyders, H. 2001. Practical Environmental Management in the South African Wine Industry. 26th World Congress and 81st General Assembly of the Office International de la Vigne et du Vin (OIV), 11-18 October, Adelaide, Australia.
9. Trerise, M A, Lorenzen, L, Hayward, D J, Bezuidenhout, S, Barnardt, C A and Prozesky, V M. 2001. Wastewater characterisation for pollution prevention. 26th World Congress and 81st General Assembly of the Office International de la Vigne et du Vin (OIV), 11-18 October, Adelaide, Australia.
10. Van Zyl, H, Ellis, R, Hayward, D J, Bezuidenhout, S and Lorenzen, L. 2001. Evaluation of ion exchange for pH modification and tartrate stabilisation of wine musts. 25th National Congress of the South African Society for Enology and Viticulture, 15-16 November, Somerset West, South Africa.
11. Lorenzen, L, Marais, D, Hayward, D J and Bezuidenhout, S. 2001. A combined coagulation-sedimentation and ozone study as a treatment technology for winery wastewater. 25th National Congress of the South African Society for Enology and Viticulture, 15-16 November, Somerset West, South Africa.
12. Lorenzen, L, Trerise, M A, Hayward, D J and Bezuidenhout, S. 2001. Cost alleviation due to improved wastewater treatment systems. 25th National Congress of the South African Society for Enology and Viticulture. 15-16 November, Somerset West, South Africa.
13. Hayward, D J, Bezuidenhout, S, Barnardt, N and Lorenzen, L. 2001. Development of environmental management systems for wineries. 25th National Congress of the South African Society for Enology and Viticulture, 15-16 November, Somerset West, South Africa.
14. Barnardt, C A, Lorenzen, L, Hayward, D J and Bezuidenhout, S. 2001. Implementation of an ISO 14001 environmental management system on a winery: experiences at Rupert and Rothschild Vignerons. 25th National Congress of the South African Society of Enology and Viticulture Congress, 15-16 November, Somerset West, South Africa.
15. Trerise, M A, Lorenzen, L, Hayward, D J, Wolfaardt, G M. 2002. Biodegradation of wine distillery wastewater, SAIChE R and D. 4-5 April, Cape Town, South Africa.
16. Lorenzen, L, Hayward, D J, Bezuidenhout, S, Barnardt, C A. 2002. Practical environmental management in the South African wine industry. The Water Institute of Southern Africa Biennial WISA Conference and Exhibition. 19-23 May, Durban, South Africa.
17. Bezuidenhout, S, Hayward, D J, Barnardt, C A and Lorenzen, L. 2002. Practical environmental management in the South African wine industry. 6th Conference on Environmental and Mineral Processing. 27-29 June, Ostrava Poruba, Czech Republic.
18. Lorenzen, L, Hayward, D J, Bezuidenhout, S, Barnardt, C A. 2003. Integrated environmental management in the South African wine industry. Chemical Engineering Research and Development. 4 April, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
19. Musee, N, Lorenzen, L and Aldrich, C. 2003. A prototype knowledge-based decision support system for industrial waste reduction in food and beverage industries. Chemical Engineering Research and Development. 4 April, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
20. Musee, N, Lorenzen, L and Aldrich, C. 2003. Integrated intelligent decision support approach for waste minimisation in the wine making process. South African Chemical Engineering Congress, 3-5 September, South Africa.
21. Sheridan, C M, Bauer, F F, Burton, S and Lorenzen, L. 2004. A critical process analysis of wine production to improve cost, quality and environmental performance. Chemical Engineering Research and Development 2004, 28 May, Peninsula Technicon, Cape Town, South Africa.

Final report
http://www.sawislibrary.co.za/dbtextimages/LorenzenL.pdf

Hayward, D J, Lorenzen, L, Bezuidenhout, S, Barnardt, N, Prozesky, V, Van Schoor, L H. 2000. Omgewingsgerig of onbetrokke - kan jy dit bekostig? WineLand. Mnth Jan p. 99-102

Article

Van Schoor, L H. 2000. Enkele kritiese faktore in die ontwikkeling en implementering van ISO 14001 omgewingsbestuurstelsels vir wynkelders. WineLand. Mnth Jul p. 101

Van Schoor, L H, Visser, D. 2000. ISO 14001 environmental management systems. WineLand. Mnth Sep p. 9-10

Van Schoor, L H. 2000. Bestuursopsies om negatiewe omgewingsimpakte by wynkelders te minaliseer. WineLand. Mnth Jan p. 97-100

Van Schoor, L H. 2001. Omgewingswetgewing in wingerd en wynbedryf. WineLand. Mnth Jan p. 114-117

Van Schoor, L H. 2001. Formula for quantification and prioritisation of negative environmental impacts in the wine industry. WineLand. Mnth Jan p. 100-102

Bezuidenhout, S, Hayward, N, Lorenzen, L, Barnardt, N, Trerise, M. 2002. Environmental performance of the South African wine industry - are we competitive? WineLand. Mnth Apr p. 79-81

Sheridan, C M, Bauer, F F, Lorenzen, L. 2004. Emperical and economic modelling of winery and effluent water. Wynboer Technical Yearbook. p. 10-114

Sheridan, C M, Bauer, F F, Lorenzen, L. 2005. Emperical and economical modelling of winery and effluent parameters. Chemical Technology. Mnth Oct p. 4-8

Sheridan, C M, Bauer, F F, Burton, S, Lorenzen, L. 2005. A critical process analysis of wine production to improve cost, quality and environmental performance. Water Science and Technology. v. 51 n. 1 p. 39-46

Sheridan, C M, Bauer, F F, Lorenzen, L. 2005. Perceptions and reality - water, effluent and environmental management systems. WineLand. Mnth Jan p. 104-105

Walsdorf, A A, Von Kraayenburg, M, Barnardt, N. 2005. A multisite approach towards integrating environmental management in the wine production industry. Water Science and Technology. v. 51 n. 1 p. 61-29

Musee, N, Lorenzen, L, Aldrich, C. 2006. Decision support for waste minimization in wine making processes. Environmental Progress. v. 25 n. 1 p. 56-63

Musee, N, Lorenzen, L, Aldrich, C. 2006. Integrated intelligent decision support approach for waste minimization in the wine making process. Environmental Progress. v. 25 n. 1 p. 56-63

Musee, N, Lorenzen, L, Aldrich, C. 2006. Decision support for the evaluation of energy demand in vinification processes using fuzzy sets theory. Journal of Energy in Southern Africa. v. 17 n. 4 p. 4-18

Musee, N, Lorenzen, L, Aldrich, C. 2007. Cellar waste minimization in the wine industry. A systems approach. Journal of Cleaner Production. v. 15 n. 5 p. 417-431

Musee, N. 2004. An integrated approach to waste and energy minimization in the wine industry: a knowlegde-based decision methodology. Ph.D. (Chemical Engineering).

Dissertation

Drew, M. 2001. Optimization of ion exchange juice treatment plant at Ashton Cellars. M.Sc. Eng (Chemical Engineering)

Thesis

Marais, A D. 2001. The development of an audit procedure and treatment technologies for Rupert and Rothschild Vigneron's Winery wastewater. M.Sc. (Eng Sci).

Bezuidenhout, S. 2003. Advantages associated with the implementation and integration of environmental management systems in small manufacturing businesses. (M.Eng)

Sheridan, C M. 2003. A critical process analysis of wine production to improve cost, efficiency, wine quality and environmental performance. M.Sc. in Wine Biotechnology.

Trerise, M. 2005. Evaluation of primary and secondary treatment of distillery wastewaters. M.Sc. (EngSci) (Chemical Engineering).

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