Project title
Sodium removal by Atriplex nummuralia and Salicornia capensis as means of secondary wastewater treatment

Project leader
Zingelwa, N S

Institution
ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij

Team members
Mulidzi, A R
Raitt, L

Project description
The South African winery industry effluents do not meet the standards required by environmental legislation for disposal onto land, and so treatment is essential as raw effluent poses an environmental threat. The treatment of winery effluent using constructed wetlands is a new science in South Africa and a few trials are running in our industry at the moment.

There could be a need for secondary treatment of winery wastewater flowing from wetlands as, depending on season, there could still be high element concentrations in the wastewater even after treatment. On average Na concentrations can be at approximately 100mg/l and EC at around 150 mS/m. Further treatment could thus be essential before the water is disposed off. The objective of the trial is to evaluate the removal of salts from treated effluent by different plant species.

Poster(s)
1. Zingelwa, N. 2006. Sodium removal by salt accumulating plants as means of secondary wastewater treatment. 32nd SAAB Conference, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, January, Port Elizabeth. South Africa.
2. Zingelwa, N. 2006. Sodium removal by salt accumulating plants as means of secondary wastewater treatment. 29th National Congress of the South African Society for Enology and Viticulture, 14-17 November, Somerset West, South Africa.

Presentation(s)
1. Du Plessis, K R and Zingelwa, N. 2005. Treatment of winery and distillery effluent with constructed wetland. South African Biodiversity Institute, 22 July, Cape Town, South Africa.
2. Zingelwa, N. 2006. The roles of plants in wastewater treatment using constructed wetlands. 32nd SAAB Conference, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, January, Port Elizabeth. South Africa.
3. Zingelwa, N. 2006. Salt removal by plants as means of secondary wastewater treatment. 29th National South African Society for Enology and Viticulture, 14-17 November, Somerset West, South Africa.

Final report
http://www.sawislibrary.co.za/dbtextimages/FinalReport142.pdf

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